Shemer Arieli, On the Identity of the Horses, Spirits, and Eyes in the Prophecies of Zechariah, Beit Mikra vol. 61 (2016), No. 2, The Bialik Institute
In Zechariah, chapters 1 and 6, horses are used as an entourage for Yahweh and his messengers. They are the eyes in the Lamp Vision in chapter 4. Their joint role is to walk and roam in the world on the Lord's mission, and to report on what is happening in it before the Lord strikes Judah's wreckers (chapters 1; 6) or the ones who are seeking to prevent the construction of the Second Temple (chapter 4). Another purpose of these horses is to lay down the spirit of Yahweh in Eretz Tzafon (6:8).






























